This map includes the following major subclades of K:
K (M9)
LT (L298)
L → L1a (M2481)
T → T1a (M70)
K2 (M526)
K2c (P261)
K2d (P402)
NO
N
N1a1 (Tat)
N1a2b (P43)
O
O1
O1a (M119)
O1b
O1b1 (K18)
O1b2 (P49)
O2 (M122)
K2b
MS
M (P256)
S
S1 (P405)
S2 (P378)
S3 (P336)
S4 (BY22870)
P
P2 (F20148)
P1/QR
Q
Q1a1 (NWT01)
Q-M120
Q-YP1500
Q1b1a (L54)
Q-L330
Q-Z780
Q-M3
R
R2 (M479)
R1
R1a → R1a1a (M17)
R-Z283
R-Z93
R1b (M343)
R1b1a
R-M73
M269
R-Z2103
L51
R-S21
S116
R-DF27
R-S28
R-L21
R1b1b (V88)
Description and sources
The eurasian Y-chromosomal haplogroup K is consistent with the scenario that the coastal southern route migration from Africa carried the ancestral Eurasian lineages first to the Indian subcontinent and probably it originated there[1] about 47,000 years ago.[2]
Haplogroup L is probably of Middle-Eastern origin.[3] The dispersal of haplogroup T also points within the Near East and from the Near East to sub-Saharan Africa mainly.[4]
An initial rapid diversification process of K2 (M526) likely occurred in Southeast Asia.[5] K2c was observed in Bali, K2d in Java and MS (or K2b1) diversifies in Maritime Southeast Asia and is related to the settlement of Oceania.[5]
NO diversified into the Far East, and while O spread throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia, N expanded to the north and through southern Siberia reached into northeastern Europe.[6]
The greatest diversification of P was in Southeast Asia and its main clade P1 was found in human remains from North Asia, which occurred before diversifying into Q and R;[7] while P2 was found in the Philippines.[8]
Q is considered to have arosed in Central Asia,[9] like R1 and R2.[3]
Subclades of Q are related to the settlement of the Americas. The Amerindians are characterized by the presence of Q-M3 and Q-Z780, while the Eskimos have Q-YP1500.[10]
It has been suggested that R1a (M420) would have originated in the vicinity of Iran, While R1a-M17 would have an European origin.[11] R1b would have originated in the Near East,[12] expanding during the Holocene into Europe[13] and sub-Saharan Africa.[14]
نسب العمل إلى مُؤَلِّفه – يلزم نسب العمل إلى مُؤَلِّفه بشكل مناسب وتوفير رابط للرخصة وتحديد ما إذا أجريت تغييرات. بالإمكان القيام بذلك بأية طريقة معقولة، ولكن ليس بأية طريقة تشير إلى أن المرخِّص يوافقك على الاستعمال.
الإلزام بترخيص المُشتقات بالمثل – إذا أعدت إنتاج المواد أو غيرت فيها، فيلزم أن تنشر مساهماتك المُشتقَّة عن الأصل تحت ترخيص الأصل نفسه أو تحت ترخيص مُتوافِقٍ معه.