ويكيبيديا

جاي شري رام

هو تعبير يترجم إلى: "المجد للرب راما" أو "النصر للرب راما".

جاي شري رام (حسب الألفبائية الدولية للترجمة السنسكريتية: Jaya Śrī Rāma)، (بالأردية: جے شری رام، بالإنجليزية: Jai Shri Ram): هو تعبير يترجم إلى: "المجد للرب راما" أو "النصر للرب راما".[1] قد استخدم هذا الإعلان من قبل الهندوس كرمز للالتزام بالدين الهندوسي،[2] أو للتعبير عن المشاعر المتنوعة التي تركز على الإيمان.[3][4][5]

تم استخدام هذا التعبير بشكل متزايد من قبل المنظمات القومية الهندوسية منها: حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا، والتي تبنت الشعار في أواخر القرن العشرين؛ كأداة لزيادة ظهور الهندوسية في الأماكن العامة. تم استخدام هذا الشعار منذ ذلك الحين فيما يتعلق بارتكاب العنف ضد المسلمين.[6][22]

في يوليو 2019، صرح الحائز على جائزة نوبل أمارتيا سين في خطاب له بأن الشعار "لا يرتبط بالثقافة البنغالية"،[23] مما دفع مجموعات غير معروفة لنشر بيانه على لوحات إعلانية في كلكتا.[24] وقد تم استخدام هذا الشعار أيضًا لمضايقة رئيسة وزراء البنغال الغربية ماماتا بانيرجي في مناسبات متعددة، مما أثار ردود فعل غاضبة منها.[24][25][26]

انظر أيضا

عدل

مراجع

عدل
  1. ^ "The Hindu chant that became a murder cry". BBC News. 10 يوليو 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-08-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-02-04.
  2. ^ Poonam، Snigdha (13 فبراير 2020). "The 3 Most Polarizing Words in India". Foreign Policy. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-08-01.
  3. ^ Ramachandran، Tanisha (1 مارس 2014). "A call to multiple arms! protesting the commoditization of hindu imagery in western society". Material Religion. ج. 10 ع. 1: 54–75. DOI:10.2752/175183414X13909887177547. ISSN:1743-2200. S2CID:198533567.
  4. ^ "Modi's party will grow stronger in West Bengal". Emerald Expert Briefings (بالإنجليزية). 20 Aug 2019. DOI:10.1108/OXAN-DB245910. ISSN:2633-304X. S2CID:241847468.
  5. ^ Dasgupta، Amlan (2006). Bakhle، Janaki (المحرر). "Rhythm and Rivalry". Economic and Political Weekly. ج. 41 ع. 36: 3861–3863. ISSN:0012-9976. JSTOR:4418675.
  6. ^ "In India, hate-filled songs are a weapon to target Muslims". AP News (بالإنجليزية). 22 Apr 2022. Archived from the original on 2024-12-19. Similar songs that called for Hindus to kill those who do not chant "Jai Shri Ram!" or "Hail Lord Ram," a slogan that has become a battle cry for Hindu nationalists...
  7. ^ Engineer، Asghar Ali (14 نوفمبر 1992). "Sitamarhi on Fire". إكونوميك أند بوليتيكال ويكلي [الإنجليزية]. ج. 27 ع. 46: 2462–2464. ISSN:0012-9976. JSTOR:4399118. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16. Kalam Husain, an eyewitness told us that a mob consisting of brahmins, bhumihars, rajputs, kurmis and chamars (SC) looted and burnt all the houses of 150 Muslims belonging to 36 families living in Ashogi. They were shouting slogan 'Jai Sri Ram'.
  8. ^ Nussbaum، Martha C. (18 أغسطس 2008). "The Clash Within: Democracy and the Hindu Right". Journal of Human Development. روتليدج (دار نشر). ج. 9 ع. 3: 357–375. DOI:10.1080/14649880802236565. ISSN:1464-9888. S2CID:144724807. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16. In the days that followed, wave upon wave of violence swept through the state. The attackers were Hindus, many of them highly politicized, shouting Hindu-right slogans, such as 'Jai Sri Ram' (a religious invocation wrenched from its original devotional and peaceful meaning) and 'Jai Sri Hanuman' (a monkey god portrayed by the right as aggressive), along with 'Kill, Destroy!', 'Slaughter!'
  9. ^ Staples، James (7 نوفمبر 2019). "Blurring Bovine Boundaries: Cow Politics and the Everyday in South India". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. روتليدج (دار نشر). ج. 42 ع. 6: 1125–1140. DOI:10.1080/00856401.2019.1669951. ISSN:0085-6401. S2CID:210542995. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-12-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16. The vigilantes had seized more than Rs30,000 worth of beef and contaminated it with phenyl. They also beat up the driver, threw him face down into the Musi river, and forced him to chant 'Jai Sri Ram! (Victory to [the Hindu deity] Ram!)' before finally letting him go.
  10. ^ Jaffrelot، Christophe (4 يناير 2003). "Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?" (PDF). Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics. جامعة هايدلبرغ ع. 17: 3. DOI:10.11588/heidok.00004127. ISSN:1617-5069. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2013-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16. They chanted Hindu nationalist songs and slogans throughout the entire voyage, all the while harassing Muslim passengers. One family was even made to get off the train for refusing to utter the kar sevaks' war cry: "Jai Shri Ram!" (Glory to Lord Ram!). More abuse occurred at the stop in Godhra: a Muslim shopkeeper was also ordered to shout "Jai Shri Ram!" He refused, and was assaulted until the kar sevaks turned on a Muslim woman with her two daughters.
  11. ^ Breman، Jan (17 أبريل 1993). "Anti-Muslim Pogrom in Surat". إكونوميك أند بوليتيكال ويكلي [الإنجليزية]. ج. 28 ع. 16: 737–741. ISSN:0012-9976. JSTOR:4399608. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16. Through a hole in the wall he had seen how adults and children were beaten and kicked to death. The hunters forced their catch to shout 'Jai Shri Ram'. "I can't hear you. Louder, say it louder...". "Oh, merciful Allah, Jai Shri Ram". And then came the last kick, final cut or was the body, soaked with petrol, set alight.
  12. ^ Menon، Nivedita (6–12 يوليو 2002). "Surviving Gujarat 2002". إكونوميك أند بوليتيكال ويكلي [الإنجليزية]. ج. 37 ع. 27: 2676–2678. ISSN:0012-9976. JSTOR:4412315. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16. The taunts about circumcision, the desecration of Qurans and mosques, the demolition of dargahs, the forced shouting of 'Jai Shri Ram' before being cut into pieces.
  13. ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح <ref> والإغلاق </ref> للمرجع Sarkar 1999
  14. ^ Sarkar، Sumit (30 يناير 1993). "The Fascism of the Sangh Parivar". إكونوميك أند بوليتيكال ويكلي [الإنجليزية]. ج. 28 ع. 5: 163–167. ISSN:0012-9976. JSTOR:4399339. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-12-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-16 – عبر أكاديميا.إدو. The Bajrang Dal thugs often openly declare that anyone who criticises the destruction of the Babri Masjid will have to go to Pakistan, while in the selectively curfew-bound Muslim pockets of Seelampur in east Delhi, the police had rounded up all Muslim men in some areas, beaten them up unless they agreed to say Jai Shri Ram, and even pulled out the beard of a Muslim gentleman.
  15. ^ Ludden, David (Apr 1996). Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India (بالإنجليزية). دار نشر جامعة بنسلفانيا [الإنجليزية]. p. 259. ISBN:978-0-8122-1585-4. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2021-02-16 – via كتب جوجل. In the anti-Muslim riots in Surat and Bombay after December 6, 1992, the victims were forced to utter Jai Shri Ram ("Hail to Lord Rama") before they were killed or raped (Engineer 1993, 263; S. Chandra 1993a, 1883).
  16. ^ Rambachan, Anantanand (20 Apr 2017). "The Coexistence of Violence and Nonviolence in Hinduism". Journal of Ecumenical Studies (بالإنجليزية). دار نشر جامعة بنسلفانيا [الإنجليزية]. 52 (1): 96–104. DOI:10.1353/ecu.2017.0001. ISSN:2162-3937. S2CID:151615231. Archived from the original on 2021-12-04. Retrieved 2021-02-16. In light of Gandhi's significance, many were surprised and bewildered when, on December 6, 1992, thousands of Hindu volunteers broke through police cordons and demolished the Babri mosque in the holy city of Ayodhya in North India. Many were armed with tridents, the traditional iconographic weapon of Shiva and were led by Hindu holy men chanting "Jai Shri Ram" (Victory to Ram).
  17. ^ Gudipaty, Nagamallika (2017), "Television, Political Imagery, and Elections in India", In Ngwainmbi, Emmanuel K. (ed.), Citizenship, Democracies, and Media Engagement among Emerging Economies and Marginalized Communities (بالإنجليزية), Springer International, pp. 117–145, DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-56215-5_6, ISBN:978-3-319-56215-5, Archived from the original on 2022-10-04, Retrieved 2021-02-16 – via كتب جوجل, Women were raped and then burned alive; men were made to shout "Jai Shri Ram" and then cut to pieces; children were not spared. According to records later submitted in court, Jafri was stripped and paraded naked before the attackers cut off his fingers and legs and dragged his body into a burning pyre.
  18. ^ Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis (1 Aug 2009). "Bandh in Ahmedabad". Violence: Ethnographic Encounters (بالإنجليزية). Berg. ISBN:978-1-84788-418-3. Archived from the original on 2020-11-14. Retrieved 2021-02-16. If mobs successfully entered Muslim compounds, they killed the men, raped the women before killing them and burned the residences to the ground. Surviving eyewitnesses have reported widely that Muslim victims were made to speak Jai Shri Ram ("Hail Lord Ram") and Vande Mataram ("Hail to the Mother") before being killed.
  19. ^ Salam, Ziya Us (16 Aug 2019). ""Jai Shri Ram": The new battle cry". Frontline (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2021-02-16. Unlike his first innings, when the cow was used as a political animal to lynch unarmed Muslim and Dalit men, this time Muslim, Dalit and even Christian men have been assaulted and forced to chant "Jai Shri Ram". From Jharkhand to Assam, from Mumbai to Delhi, neither small-town India nor the big metropolises are safe from these lynch mobs.
  20. ^ اكتب عنوان المرجع بين علامتي الفتح <ref> والإغلاق </ref> للمرجع Scroll800Yrs19
  21. ^ "Tensions That Roiled English City Have Roots in India". nytimes com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-10-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-10-02. "[On 17 September 2022] more than 300 people gathered for an unplanned demonstration [in Leicester, England] ... Some chanted, 'Jai Shri Ramقالب:' "
  22. ^ [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
  23. ^ Kundu، Indrajit (6 يوليو 2019). "Jai Shri Ram is not associated with Bengali culture: Nobel laureate Amartya Sen". India Today. Kolkata. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-08-02.
  24. ^ ا ب "Posters With Amartya Sen's Remarks On "Jai Shri Ram" Slogan In Kolkata". NDTV.com. Indo-Asian News Service. 12 يوليو 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-08-02.
  25. ^ "People chant 'Jai Shri Ram', Mamata calls them criminals". Deccan Chronicle. ANI. 30 مايو 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-08-02.
  26. ^ Dutta, Taniya (2019). "Misusing Hindu gods to lynch and spook Indian Muslims". تي آر تي العالمية (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-11-27. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
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